According to Swiss and comparable foreign laws, the management and controlling bodies of legal entities are personally liable for damages that they inflict on third parties or their own companies in their capacity as an executive body of the company. Such executive bodies may include managing directors, supervisory boards, management boards or advisory boards.
Liability exists if the executive body has culpably breached an obligation, which led to the resulting damages (causal relationship). Standard of fault is the due diligence of a proper business person. This standard of fault is very strict, as even the slightest negligence can be held against the relevant executive body. Liability exists jointly and severally, i.e. where multiple managing directors are jointly responsible for the management of a limited liability company, each is liable for a breach of obligation committed by the other.
In liability proceedings, the managing director assumes the burden of proof that no breach was committed.